Understanding Drum Brakes and How to Fix Them
Introduction
When it comes to the braking system in your vehicle, drum brakes are an essential component. While disc brakes have become more common in recent years, drum brakes are still found in many older vehicles and some newer models. In this article, we will explore what drum brakes are, how they work, and how to fix common issues that may arise.
What are Drum Brakes?
Drum brakes are a type of braking system that use friction to slow down or stop the rotation of the wheels. They consist of several key components, including brake shoes, a brake drum, wheel cylinders, and various springs and levers.
When you press the brake pedal, hydraulic pressure is applied to the wheel cylinders, which in turn forces the brake shoes to press against the inside surface of the brake drum. This friction between the brake shoes and the drum causes the wheels to slow down or stop.
How to Fix Drum Brake Issues
1. Inspecting and Cleaning
Before diving into any repairs, it’s important to inspect the drum brakes for any signs of wear or damage. Start by removing the wheel and visually inspecting the brake components. Look for any signs of leaking fluid, worn-out brake shoes, or damaged springs and levers.
If everything appears to be in good condition, you can proceed with cleaning the brake drum and other components. Use a brake cleaner spray to remove any dirt, grease, or brake dust that may have accumulated. This will help ensure proper functioning and prevent any unnecessary noise or vibrations.
2. Adjusting the Brake Shoes
Over time, the brake shoes may wear down and require adjustment. To do this, locate the adjuster mechanism on the backside of the brake assembly. Use a brake spoon or a flathead screwdriver to turn the adjuster wheel and increase or decrease the tension on the brake shoes.
It’s important to adjust the brake shoes evenly on both sides to ensure balanced braking performance. Test the brakes after each adjustment to ensure they engage properly without any excessive drag or looseness.
3. Replacing Brake Shoes
If the brake shoes are severely worn or damaged, they will need to be replaced. Start by removing the brake drum and then disconnect the springs and levers that hold the brake shoes in place. Take note of the position and orientation of each component to aid in reassembly.
Install the new brake shoes in the correct position, making sure they are aligned properly. Reattach the springs and levers, ensuring they are secure. Finally, reinstall the brake drum and adjust the brake shoes as necessary.
4. Checking and Replacing Wheel Cylinders
If you notice any signs of leaking brake fluid or if the brakes feel spongy, it may indicate a problem with the wheel cylinders. Start by removing the brake drum and inspecting the wheel cylinders for any signs of leakage or damage.
If a wheel cylinder is faulty, it will need to be replaced. It’s important to replace both wheel cylinders on the same axle to maintain balanced braking performance. After replacing the wheel cylinders, bleed the brake system to remove any air and ensure proper brake operation.
5. Seeking Professional Help
While some drum brake repairs can be done by the average car owner, more complex issues may require the expertise of a professional mechanic. If you are unsure about any aspect of drum brake repair or if you encounter unexpected difficulties, it’s best to consult a qualified technician.
Conclusion
Drum brakes are an important part of your vehicle’s braking system, and understanding how they work and how to fix common issues can help ensure your safety on the road. By inspecting, cleaning, adjusting, and replacing components as needed, you can maintain optimal braking performance and extend the lifespan of your drum brakes.
